{"id":1996,"date":"2025-01-31T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/?p=1996"},"modified":"2025-01-22T10:11:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T23:11:19","slug":"building-it-up-mmorpg-network-infrastructures-with-photon-fusion-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/building-it-up-mmorpg-network-infrastructures-with-photon-fusion-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Building it up: MMORPG Network Infrastructures with Photon Fusion &#8211; 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1-1024x384.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of our MMO Puzzle Wilds.\" class=\"wp-image-2012\" srcset=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1-1320x495.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1-600x225.jpg 600w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>How are Massively Multiplayer Online RPGs built? What sort of infrastructure do they need? How can I make an online multiplayer game myself?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These are all valid questions, and ones we\u2019ll be covering here!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For context, we\u2019ve worked on a lot of different video game projects here at Noble Steed Games, including online multiplayer games, but MMOs have been something we&#8217;ve always wanted to explored! So we started <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/h6E7wH_Zgnw\">a video series<\/a> about making one from scratch! This blog exists as a full transcription of the full video for those who prefer text-based resources. Enjoy!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"nv-iframe-embed\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Making an MMO in Unity with Photon Fusion - 1\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/h6E7wH_Zgnw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this first part, our goal will be to take a simple little game where capsules move around, and make it networked. This way, two different players can sign up, join the game, and do a little dance.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Network infrastructure for our MMO<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern multiplayer games are quite complex, and are built from lots of systems, but the ones we\u2019re going to focus on for this video are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Game client:<\/strong> The thing that the player downloads to play the game<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Game server:<\/strong> Hosts the \u2018rooms\u2019 that the players will be joining, and manages real-time networking between players<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Game backend:<\/strong> Stores more permanent data and information (like authentication information, or player inventories).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1-1024x384.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram showing the backend, server and client.\" class=\"wp-image-2013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1-1320x495.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1-600x225.jpg 600w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s worth noting that backend and server can sometimes both be referred to as the \u2018Server\u2019, but to keep things simple, we\u2019re splitting their definitions as \u2018Server\u2019 and \u2018Backend\u2019. We\u2019ll start with the \u2018Server\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rest APIs are simple web services that receive requests and respond to them. For this project, we\u2019ve decided to build the backend using DotNET. This is a pretty common stack for Rest APIs, which is most of what we\u2019ll be using it for.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s worth noting that there are a lot of decisions that we\u2019ll be making for this project which depend on its specific purposes. We\u2019ve decided to use Dotnet for this project because it\u2019s in C#. It is used a lot for simple <a href=\"https:\/\/inwedo.com\/blog\/examples-of-dot-net-applications\/\">REST API type web-apps<\/a>, and is pretty easy to set up. We just need a few simple pieces at the moment: a database which stores Users, and the endpoints which allow users to sign up and log in. In Unity, we write some simple wrappers to interface with these endpoints, and we\u2019ll be able to log in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1-1024x384.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of our backend.\" class=\"wp-image-2014\" srcset=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1-1320x495.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1-600x225.jpg 600w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/5-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The other thing that the Backend is going to be used for is server orchestration. Right now, our Backend is set up so that it spawns a single Server that everybody connects to, but in the future, we\u2019ll probably want to have a whole system of different servers, depending on things like player count and regions. This will come in the future, but for right now we just have the Backend spawning a single server. It\u2019s a little janky, but will do for this point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2-1024x384.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram showing the backend spawning multiple servers for different regions and player counts.\" class=\"wp-image-2015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2-1320x495.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2-600x225.jpg 600w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/6-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Getting our game Networked with Photon Fusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Heading over to the actual game, our next step is going to be getting this networked. For this, we\u2019ll be using Photon Fusion. We\u2019ve used it for other projects, and our game doesn\u2019t involve any networked physics, in which using a different engine might be more fitting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With that in mind, we can follow the simple <a href=\"https:\/\/doc.photonengine.com\/fusion\/current\/tutorials\/host-mode-basics\/1-getting-started\">Fusion tutorials<\/a> to get a basic game up and running. First, we\u2019ll set this up as a simple shared peer-to-peer networked experience, create our networked input, add a networked transform, and we\u2019re good! Then, it\u2019s not too complex to change it to being a server-hosted experience with clients connecting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once we\u2019ve got the basics of each of our three pieces up and running, the next step is to connect them a bit more actively. Before we can do that though, we should talk about trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Backend Security<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, our client sends their login information to the backend. This confirms they are who they say they are, and gives them all their info. Then, they connect to the server. However &#8211; there\u2019s an issue here. The client can\u2019t be responsible for telling the server who they are, because they could lie. If a client says that they\u2019re an admin, or some other player, the server shouldn\u2019t believe them. The general principle for networked games like this is that the backend and the server should<em> never<\/em> trust the client. So, how do we get around this? There are a few different answers of different complexity, but we\u2019re going to go with a fairly simple system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2-1024x384.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram showing the backend, server and client. The client is sending info to the server, impersonating an Admin.\" class=\"wp-image-2016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2-1320x495.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2-600x225.jpg 600w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/8-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>First, the client logs in to the backend, with their username and password. Assuming that they\u2019re correct, the backend knows who that client is, and allows them to access their information. Next, the client connects to the server, and gets a unique ID there &#8211; the server doesn\u2019t know yet who this ID belongs to, but the server knows this client matches this specific ID. Next, the client passes that ID to the backend, who confirms that it is coming from the person they\u2019ve already authenticated and tells the server \u201cHey &#8211; this ID belongs to this specific user\u201d. That way, the server also knows that that ID belongs to that user, without ever trusting the user themselves. This isn\u2019t a perfect solution, a more advanced one using proper tokens is probably what we\u2019ll implement later, but it\u2019ll serve our purposes for right now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The last thing to do is make the players distinguishable, in this case via their emails. Now, both users can log in, see the email address of the other user (which has been authenticated by the backend and provided to the server), and can run around and interact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1-1024x384.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram showing the backend, server and client communicating to each other.\" class=\"wp-image-2017\" srcset=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1-1320x495.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1-600x225.jpg 600w, https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/9-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>And that&#8217;s how we\u2019ve set up our simple network infrastructure! We\u2019ve got a long way to go before this is a real MMORPG, but these are the basic pieces that get it all working. Next time &#8211; we\u2019ll make this look a bit more like an MMO with actual characters moving around and chatting to each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>We hope you enjoyed reading this! Have a question or want to chat more about game development?&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:hello@noblesteed.games\" data-type=\"mailto\" data-id=\"mailto:hello@noblesteed.games\"><strong>Reach out to us!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other places you can find us:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Our other&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/category\/gamedev-resources\/\">game development resources<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Join our<a href=\"https:\/\/discord.com\/invite\/Ka8suskKcs\">&nbsp;Discord serve<\/a>r<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We&#8217;re making an MMO in Photon Fusion, walking through core concepts for building the network infrastructure for online multiplayer games.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40,46],"tags":[118],"ppma_author":[65],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Building it up: MMORPG Network Infrastructures with Photon Fusion - 1 | Dev Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We&#039;re making an MMO in Photon Fusion, walking through core concepts for building the network infrastructure for online multiplayer games.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/building-it-up-mmorpg-network-infrastructures-with-photon-fusion-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Building it up: MMORPG Network Infrastructures with Photon Fusion - 1 | Dev Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We&#039;re making an MMO in Photon Fusion, walking through core concepts for building the network infrastructure for online multiplayer games.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/building-it-up-mmorpg-network-infrastructures-with-photon-fusion-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Noble Steed Games\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NobleSteedAU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-30T22:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-21T23:11:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/mmo-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"378\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Reuben\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@NobleSteedAU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@NobleSteedAU\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Reuben\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/building-it-up-mmorpg-network-infrastructures-with-photon-fusion-1\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/building-it-up-mmorpg-network-infrastructures-with-photon-fusion-1\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Reuben\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/noblesteedgames.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/72236c3fe545f797cc0ce4635c1ca1a9\"},\"headline\":\"Building it up: MMORPG Network Infrastructures with Photon Fusion &#8211; 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